What is the goal of using electromagnetic testing techniques?

Electromagnetic testing techniques are primarily utilized to detect surface and subsurface defects within conductive materials. This non-destructive testing method is based on the principles of electromagnetism, where a changing magnetic field induces currents in a material, allowing for the identification of anomalies. These defects can include cracks, voids, and inclusions that compromise the structural integrity of the material.

Identifying defects in surface and subsurface layers is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of components used in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. The precision and effectiveness of electromagnetic testing make it a preferred option for inspecting conductive materials, particularly where other methods may be less effective at uncovering hidden problems.

While the other choices might relate to different testing methods, they do not align with the primary purpose of electromagnetic testing. For instance, analyzing thermal conductivity or assessing physical dimensions falls outside the scope of this technique, focusing on different properties and factors of materials rather than defect detection.