What is the primary purpose of Electromagnetic Testing (ET)?

The primary purpose of Electromagnetic Testing (ET) is to detect surface and near-surface defects in conductive materials. This testing method utilizes electromagnetic fields to identify variations in electrical conductivity associated with flaws, such as cracks, voids, and inclusions, which can compromise the integrity of a material. By focusing on surface and near-surface areas, ET is particularly effective for non-destructive evaluation where it is crucial to assess the integrity of metals and conductive components without causing damage.

Other options, while related to materials or their properties, do not align with the fundamental application of ET. Improving the electrical conductivity of materials pertains to material processing rather than detection, measuring temperature relates to thermal properties and not to defect identification, and evaluating the strength of metal components involves mechanical testing methods rather than electromagnetic techniques.